2022年7月，国家生态环境部黄润秋在会议中强调，要深刻把握“十四五”水生态环境保护的总体策略，不断推进水生态环境保护事业向前发展。一是更加突出服务大局，统筹做好疫情防控、经济社会发展和生态环境保护，推动实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展。二是更加突出人民至上，努力提供更多优质水生态产品、创造更多更好亲水空间，让工作成效体现在人民群众直观感受上。三是更加突出稳中求进，将工作重心放在夯实基础、**质效上，力争在若干难点和关键环节上实现突破。四是更加突出“三水统筹”，着力推动水生态环境保护向水资源、水生态、水环境等流域要素系统治理、统筹推进转变。五是更加突出精准、科学、依法治污，锚定精准治污的要害、夯实科学治污的基础、增强依法治污的保障。至此，我们一起来了解一下水生态环境治理方法有哪些?我国常用的水生态修复治理措施有哪些!

　　生态治理法：水生态技术就是通过一系列措施，将已经退化或损坏的水体生态系统恢复、修复、并成百上千倍的强化其纳污能力，使水体保持长久清澈与稳定。水生态技术是以立足长远的循环经济，打造长治久安的生物食物链体系。目前真正行之有效的水体生态系统尚非常之少，均停留于概念阶段。

　　水土保持生态修复的技术方法

　　(1)退化坡面生态系统生态修复

　　退化耕地生态系统的生态修复:少施化肥，增施农家肥料;种植绿肥植物，增加固氮作物品种;轮作、套作，间种、混种;减少化学防治，增加生物防治;植等高植物篱等。退化林地、草地、荒地生态系统的生态修复:在封禁的基础上，补种乡土树种、草种。封禁时间的长短因生态系统类型、受损程度、气候等因素的不同而不同，一般来说，乔木林、灌木林、草地生态系统可分别为8年以上、5～8年、3～5年。

　　(2)退化河流生态系统生态修复

　　在土壤侵蚀地区，导致河流退化的驱动力主要有修路、开矿、樵采、河岸放牧、化肥与农药的面源污染、工业废水与生活污水的点源污染、过度捕鱼等，对由于这些驱动力所导致的退化河流生态系统进行生态修复，*重要的是要减轻或解除导致河流生态系统退化的驱动力，让河流休养生息。

　　(3)内陆河流域退化绿洲生态系统生态修复

　　合理开发利用水资源，实施生态应急补水工程，至少要满足天然绿洲生态系统*小生态需水量;合理调整土地利用结构，适当减少人工绿洲面积，使人工绿洲和天然绿洲面积比例调整到1：1左右。

　　(4)退化水库生态系统生态修复

　　对退化水库生态系统的生态修复可采取与退化河流生态系统相同的方法。

　　(5)退化矿山生态系统生态修复

　　该生态系统的土壤、植物等组分完全受损，缺乏植物生长所需要的营养元素，对这种严重退化的生态进行生态修复，可采取的方法有：覆盖土壤，对土壤进行物理处理，添加营养物质，去除有害物质，种植适应性强的先锋树种或草种、间种乡土树种或草种。

　　水土保持生态修复的技术方法

　　(1)生态自然修复的基本技术方法是封禁法。该方法适用于受损程度较轻的生态系统。

　　(2)自然和人工共同修复生态的基本技术方法是“封禁+补种”法。该方法适用于受损程度较重的生态系统。

　　水土保持是土壤侵蚀地区经济社会可持续发展的生命线，是生态环境建设的主体。水土保持生态修复的提出与实施是水土保持工作理念的重大创新，但水土保持生态修复不应局限于当前的狭义水土保持生态修复，应从狭义水土保持生态修复向广义水土保持生态修复转变。即使实现了这样的转变，水土保持生态修复也只是水土保持流域综合治理的一个重要方面，它不能完全替代人工造林种草等水土保持生物措施，更不能替代坡改梯、淤地坝、谷坊、小型水库、蓄水池等水土保持工程措施。

　　常用的水生态治理的方法有：(1)减少和消除污染物排放的废水量;(2)全面规划，合理布局，进行区域性综合治理等等。

　　生态环境治理尽量根据生态文明建设基本建设基建项目的核心理念和要求来确立其办事标准。在生态文明建设深化改革整体方案中明确指出：“以基建项目美好家园为目标，以妥善处置人类与环境关系为重要，以解决绿色生态生态环境保护领域显出难点为主导性，保证 国家生态安全，改善生态环境保护，提高資源使用率，推动造成人类与环境和谐发展趋向的现代化建设机遇与挑战。”　那麼，生态环境治理整治的具体办法有什么?

　　生态环境治理有五条防范措施，**是生态红线的区划。第二是合理的区域发展合理布局。第三是地域土壤资源运用方向和布局调整的调整，造成农、林、草、漠、泽、水与大都市、城市交通、厂矿企业正中间的合理布局。这三条是必要条件。第四是以维护保养首先选择，充裕高度重视自然规律，充分运用自然恢复的发展前景，封山育林、育沙育草、保湿补水。第五是自然恢复与人力修复紧密联系。

　　我们要塑造六大核心理念，即塑造尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的核心理念;塑造发展趋向和维护保养相统一的核心理念;塑造绿水青山就是翠绿色发展战略的核心理念;塑造自然实用价值和自然财产的核心理念;塑造室内空间设计均衡的核心理念;塑造青山绿水林田湖草是一个生命共同体的核心理念。

　　生态环境治理针对显出的生态问题付诸实践，是便于保证 生态安全，促进人和自然的和谐;生态环境治理要锲而不舍节约首先选择、维护保养首先选择、自然恢复核心的指导方针。在《加快推进生态文明建设的意见》中，又技术专业再加了“在生态文明建设基本建设和修复中以自然修复核心，与人力修复紧密联系”那般较为多方位的诠释，现实意义长久。

　　生态环境治理要为自然资本利得，多方位** 绿色生态管理体系的服务功效;要维修保养好青山绿水林田湖草这一生命共同体，按照系统论的观念进行环境卫生整治。

　　根据治理总体目标的具体情况，分别选用有针对性的人力治理防范措施。如植绿护绿、植树、人力促进还林升級，林下或林隙引入混交绿色植物、照料管理方案(修枝、除蘖、割灌、间伐、补栽或补播、土地复垦);必不可少时的合理采伐升級;必不可少的建筑项目防范措施，如生态环境保护防范措施(翻地、修田园风光、治沟等)，设置工业设备沙障防风固沙等;再加上虫害鼠害防止及消防安全防范措施。

　　以上便是瑞柘环保理解的关于【水生态修复治理措施与方法】，若您有其他的不同意见，可以联系我们反馈或咨询!瑞柘环保承接各种河道、溪流、湖泊水生态修复治理工程!咨询热线：400-155-8689!

　　In July 2022, Huang Runqiu of the Ministry of ecology and environment stressed at the meeting that we should deeply grasp the overall strategy of water ecological environment protection during the "14th five year plan" and constantly promote the development of water ecological environment protection. First, we should give more prominence to serving the overall situation, coordinate epidemic prevention and control, economic and social development and ecological environment protection, and promote higher quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable and safer development. Second, we should put people first, strive to provide more high-quality aquatic ecological products and create more and better hydrophilic space, so that the work results can be reflected in the intuitive feelings of the people. Third, we should pay more attention to seeking progress while maintaining stability, focus on consolidating the foundation and improving quality and efficiency, and strive to achieve breakthroughs in a number of difficulties and key links. Fourth, we should give more prominence to the "overall planning of three water resources" and strive to promote the transformation of water ecological environment protection to the systematic governance and overall promotion of river basin elements such as water resources, water ecology and water environment. Fifth, we should give more prominence to precise, scientific and legal pollution control, anchor the key of precise pollution control, consolidate the foundation of scientific pollution control, and enhance the guarantee of legal pollution control. So far, let's learn about the methods of ecological environment treatment in Yishui? What are the commonly used water ecological restoration and treatment measures in China!

　　Ecological treatment method: water ecological technology is to restore and repair the degraded or damaged water ecosystem through a series of measures, and strengthen its pollution carrying capacity hundreds of times, so as to keep the water clear and stable for a long time. Water ecological technology is based on long-term circular economy to create a long-term biological food chain system. At present, there are very few truly effective water ecosystems, which are still in the conceptual stage.

　　Technical methods of soil and water conservation and ecological restoration

　　(1) Ecological restoration of degraded slope ecosystem

　　Ecological restoration of degraded farmland ecosystem: less chemical fertilizer and more farmyard fertilizer; Planting green manure plants and increasing varieties of nitrogen fixing crops; Rotation, intercropping, intercropping, mixed planting; Reduce chemical control and increase biological control; Plant contour hedgerows, etc. Ecological restoration of degraded forest land, grassland and wasteland ecosystems: replant native tree species and grass species on the basis of closure. The length of closure varies with the type of ecosystem, damage degree, climate and other factors. Generally speaking, arbor forest, shrub forest and grassland ecosystem can be more than 8 years, 5 ~ 8 years and 3 ~ 5 years respectively.

　　(2) Ecological restoration of degraded river ecosystem

　　In soil erosion areas, the driving forces leading to river degradation mainly include road construction, mining, woodcutting, bank grazing, non-point source pollution of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, point source pollution of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, overfishing, etc. to carry out ecological restoration of degraded river ecosystems caused by these driving forces, the most important thing is to reduce or remove the driving forces leading to river ecosystem degradation and let the river recuperate.

　　(3) Ecological restoration of degraded oasis ecosystem in inland river basin

　　The rational development and utilization of water resources and the implementation of ecological emergency water replenishment projects should at least meet the minimum ecological water demand of the natural oasis ecosystem; Reasonably adjust the land use structure, appropriately reduce the area of artificial oases, and adjust the area ratio of artificial oases to natural oases to about 1:1.

　　(4) Ecological restoration of degraded reservoir ecosystem

　　The ecological restoration of degraded reservoir ecosystem can adopt the same method as that of degraded river ecosystem.

　　(5) Ecological restoration of degraded mine ecosystem

　　The soil, plants and other components of the ecosystem are completely damaged and lack of nutritional elements required for plant growth. The ecological restoration of this seriously degraded ecosystem can be carried out by covering the soil, physically treating the soil, adding nutrients, removing harmful substances, planting pioneer tree species or grass seeds with strong adaptability, and intercropping native tree species or grass seeds.

　　Technical methods for ecological restoration of soil and water conservation in a narrow sense

　　(1) The basic technical method of ecological natural restoration is the closure method. This method is suitable for ecosystems with less damage.

　　(2) The basic technical method of natural and artificial ecological restoration is the "closure + replanting" method. This method is suitable for ecosystems with heavy damage.

　　Soil and water conservation is the lifeline of sustainable economic and social development in soil erosion areas and the main body of ecological environment construction. The proposal and implementation of soil and water conservation ecological restoration is a major innovation in the concept of soil and water conservation, but the ecological restoration of soil and water conservation should not be limited to the current narrow sense of soil and water conservation ecological restoration, and should be transformed from the narrow sense of soil and Water Conservation Ecological restoration to the broad sense of soil and water conservation ecological restoration. Even if such a transformation is achieved, the ecological restoration of water and soil conservation is only an important aspect of the comprehensive management of water and soil conservation basins. It can not completely replace the biological measures of water and soil conservation such as artificial afforestation and grass planting, nor can it replace the engineering measures of water and soil conservation such as slope to terrace, silt dam, Gufang, small reservoir, water storage tank, etc.

　　The commonly used methods of water ecological treatment are: (1) reduce and eliminate the amount of waste water discharged by pollutants; (2) Comprehensive planning, rational layout, regional comprehensive management, etc.

　　Ecological environment governance should try to establish its standards according to the core concepts and requirements of ecological civilization construction capital construction projects. In the overall plan for deepening the reform of the construction of ecological civilization, it is clearly pointed out that "the goal is to build a better home for infrastructure projects, the importance is to properly handle the relationship between human beings and the environment, and the main guidance is to solve the difficulties in the field of green ecological and environmental protection, so as to ensure national ecological security, improve ecological and environmental protection, improve the utilization rate of resources, and promote the opportunities and challenges of modernization that lead to the harmonious development trend of human beings and the environment." So, what are the specific measures for ecological environment governance?

　　There are five preventive measures for ecological environment governance. The first is the zoning of ecological red line. The second is reasonable regional development and reasonable layout. The third is the adjustment of the use direction and layout of regional soil resources, resulting in a reasonable layout between agriculture, forestry, grass, desert, Ze, water and metropolis, urban transportation, factories and mining enterprises. These three conditions are necessary. The fourth is to choose maintenance first, attach great importance to the natural law, and make full use of the development prospect of natural recovery to close mountains for afforestation, sand and grass cultivation, moisture and water replenishment. Fifth, natural restoration is closely related to human repair.

　　We should shape six core concepts, namely, the core concepts of respecting nature, conforming to nature and protecting nature; Shaping the core concept of the unity of development trend and maintenance; Shaping green waters and mountains is the core concept of green development strategy; The core idea of shaping natural practical value and natural property; Shaping the core concept of indoor space design balance; Shaping green mountains, green waters, forests, fields, lakes and grasses is the core concept of a community of life.

　　The practice of eco-environmental governance in response to emerging ecological problems is conducive to ensuring ecological security and promoting the harmony between man and nature; We should persevere in the ecological environment governance, which is the core guideline of saving first, maintenance first, and natural restoration. In the opinions on accelerating the construction of ecological civilization, the technical major added a more comprehensive interpretation of "taking natural restoration as the core in the basic construction and restoration of ecological civilization construction and closely linked with human restoration", which has a long-term practical significance.

　　Ecological environment governance should benefit natural capital and improve the service efficiency of the green ecological management system in multiple directions; We should maintain the life community of green mountains, green waters, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, and carry out environmental sanitation renovation according to the concept of system theory.

　　According to the specific situation of the overall goal of governance, select targeted human governance preventive measures respectively. Such as greening, tree planting, human promotion of forest upgrading, introduction of mixed green plants under the forest or gaps, care and management schemes (pruning, tillering, cutting and irrigation, thinning, replanting or reseeding, land reclamation); Reasonable cutting and upgrading when necessary; Necessary preventive measures for construction projects, such as ecological environment protection measures (land reclamation, rural scenery, ditch management, etc.), setting up industrial equipment sand barriers to prevent wind and fix sand, etc; In addition, pest and rodent prevention and fire safety precautions.

　　The above is the understanding of Ruizhe environmental protection about [water ecological restoration and treatment measures and methods]. If you have other different opinions, you can contact us for feedback or consultation! Ruizhe environmental protection undertakes various ecological restoration and treatment projects of rivers, streams and lakes! Hotline: 400-155-8689!