生活污水和工业废水处理方法都有哪些?

　　生活污水和工业废水需要处理的污染物主要是COD、氨氮、总氮、SS等，现在常用的处理方法物理法、化学法、生物处理法等，工艺AO、A2O、氧化沟、电解法等等。

　　无论是生活污水处理和工业废水处理的工艺都需要合理、科学、经济行之有效的工艺系统来解决污水问题。

　　现在常用的污水处理工艺分为三大类：物理处理法、化学处理法和生物处理法。

　　物理处理法：通过物理作用分离和去除废水中不溶解的呈悬浮状态的污染物(包括油膜、油珠)的方法。

　　化学处理法：通过化学反应改变废水中污染物的化学性质或物理性质，使它或从溶解、胶体或悬浮状态转变为沉淀或漂浮状态，或从固态转变为气态，进而从水中除去的废水处理方法。

　　生物处理法：利用自然环境中微生物来氧化分解废水中的**物和某些无机毒物(如氰化物、硫化物)，并将其转化为稳定无害的无机物的一种废水处理方法。

　　简单来说工业污水和生活污水**的区别是：前者比后者毒性强，危害大。污水中主要污染物的含量不同。但在处理工艺方面，工业污水和农村污水有很多相似之处。主要由物理工艺、生化工艺及化学工艺三大类。

　　将工业废水和生活污水中的一些杂质或者残渣从水体之中进行分离，从而实现污水处理效果，在这个过程中并没有发生其他物质方面的转变。通常情况下，物理处理工艺可以分为沉淀分离法、膜分离法、萃取法三种。沉淀分离法就是指利用工业废水和生活污水中杂质与水体密度不同的特点，从而利用重力下沉的方式，实现水体与杂质的分离。膜分离法，主要是指利用一些特殊的性质半透膜，将水中的杂质进行分离，具体而言，膜分离法又可以分为超滤、微滤、纳滤、渗析、反渗析、电渗析、液膜等几种方法。萃取法，也就是利用一些特定的萃取剂，利用溶解度的不同，从而将水体之中的一些污染物质，融入到溶解剂之中，*终实现杂质与水体分离的效果。

　　生物处理工艺也是常见的工业废水、生活污水通用方法，工艺主要分为以下四种：两段活性泥处理法、间歇性活性泥法、缺氧厌氧处理法、缺氧好氧处理法。两段活性泥处理法，也就是将污水处理管道或者污水处理厂视作一个污水处理系统，将其分为A、B 两个处理段，其中A段为高负荷段，B段为低负荷段，这个两个处理段之中，利用不同的回流方式，从而使水体环境发生变化，在这个过程中所涉及的工具有自吸式射流曝气机、侧向流坡形斜板以及无支架悬浮生物填料。间歇性活性泥法，通过进水、反应、沉淀、排放这种反复循环的顺序，实现污水处理效果。缺氧、厌氧处理法，主要是应用在一些大型的活性泥污水处理厂中，可以实现污水中脱氮或者脱磷的效果，并且运营成本和处理费用也比较低，但是这种处理方法也有一定的缺点，就是不易管理，并且无法完成脱磷与脱氮的同步完成，延长了污水处理时间。缺氧好氧法则属于一种深度的二级处理技术，由脱磷和脱氮两步完成。

　　化学处理工艺是*常见的一种工业废水和生活污水处理工艺，包括以下三种处理方法，化学沉淀法、湿式氧化法、臭氧氧化法。化学沉淀法，与物理沉淀不同，化学沉淀要在水体之中投入一定量的化学药剂，从而使一些不溶于水的化合物从水体中分离出来，同时还可以分离出一些重金属离子，如汞、铅锌等，常见的化学沉淀法有硫化物沉淀法、钡盐沉淀、铁氧体沉淀几种。其次是湿式氧化法，这种处理方法主要是在封闭的容器之中进行，利用温度与压力，从而使水体之中的一些杂质发生氧化还原反应，在进行此种污水处理方法时，**添加一些催化剂，这样可以**反应速率，缩短反应时间，从而实现更好的污水处理效果。**是臭氧氧化法，臭氧是一种强氧化剂，杀菌能力也比较强，利用臭氧进行污水处理，可以使水体污染物碳化，并降低水体中的**物质。

　　工业废水和生活污水对于水体环境的破坏是十分严重的，因此加强对工业废水和生活污水处理应作为一个持久的概念与政策，同时要加快工业废水和生活污水处理工艺研究，这样才能实现生产、生活污水的循序利用，从而为社会创造福利。

　　1.废水和污水的化学处理

　　工业废水和生活污水是社会发展的必然产物，通过不同处理方法获得的处理效果也将有所不同。在现实生活中，使用化学处理来处理废水和污水非常普遍。化学处理方法是利用化学反应对污水和废水中的污染物进行处理，以分离出各种污染物，从而使水质恢复自然。例如，使用化学凝结法向污水中添加化学物质可以有效地分解水中粒径为1-10的悬浮颗粒，并可以有效降低废水的pH值。化学处理方法可以细分为不同的处理过程。当前更成熟的应用包括臭氧处理，沉淀和电解。化学处理方法是非常有效和方便的处理方法。目前，我国这种治疗方法的研究时间比较长，取得的成果更加明显。在普通加工设备中，快速的操作和自动检测节省了时间和精力，可以有效地提高加工效果。此外，化学处理方法还可以消除水中残留的剧毒物质。当然，这主要用于工业废水。与生活污水相比，工业废水中含有汞和其他重金属物质。未经处理的排放到自然环境中将导致非常严重的后果。目前，主要通过中和和沉淀处理。

　　2.废水和污水的物理处理

　　物理处理方法的处理原理是多种机械分离方法，包括过滤，浮选和离心分离。这些物理治疗方法现在相对普遍。物理处理方法用于处理污水和废水。废水中所含物质的化学特性在处理过程中不会发生变化，因此在化学处理方法下获得的污水处理结果之间存在很大差异。用于物理处理方法的加工机械和设备很多，离心机，曝气机和气浮机被广泛使用。生活污水中的常见成分是污泥，生活垃圾等。如果要处理生活污水，必须将水和固体物质分开。例如，使用离心机处理生活污水，该污水利用离心运动。为了有效分离污水中的固体颗粒和液体，以及如果乳剂中存在两种具有不同密度的不混溶溶液，则离心机也可以有效分离两种液体。污泥脱水机还可以有效分离污泥和水。污水的物理处理可以有效地分离和提取污水中的不同成分。

　　污水处理的第三种方法

　　从字面上理解生物处理方法，它是利用微生物的代谢来无害地转化污水和废水中的**污染物。这种处理方法的优点是，与化学处理和物理处理相比，治疗效果更好。目前该方法使用时间很短，需要进一步研究。但是，它将成为未来污水和废水的主要处理方法。方式。该生物处理方法利用微生物降解废水和污水，这完全符合当前的生态和环境保护理念。还有很多不同的方法可以使用这种方法来处理废水和污水。更常见的方法是AB法，SBR法，天然生物处理法和生物膜法。 AB法也称为两阶段活性污泥处理法。该方法将污水处理厂视为污水处理系统。该方法的优点是抗冲击性强，可装载性强，无需建立初始沉淀池，高达80%的COD去除率和90%的BOD5去除率。

　　3.SBR方法也称为间歇活性污泥法

　　该方法是按照闲置顺序完成同一池中的取水，反应，沉淀和排放，并同时重复循环。这种方法的优点是它已经被操作，可以调节，具有很高的自动化水平，并且不需要设置污泥回收设备。生物膜方法利用生物膜上存在的大量微生物来不断繁殖，吸收和减少污水流域内污水中的污染物含量。此外，如果生物膜本身老化，它将跟随污水的流动并*终到达沉淀池。生物处理方法中的自然生物处理方法是一种在自然环境中生长的微生物，其吸收废水和污水中的有害物质，从而完成净水的目的。例如，如果您在池塘中放置了许多微生物，则可以对池塘中的污水进行生态处理。污水和废水的生物处理目前正在国内外进行持续研究。随着科学技术水平的不断提高，这种方法的应用前景将不可避免。

　　4.结论

　　通常，污水的处理需要科学的理念和先进的设备。通过对目前所有废水和污水处理方法的研究，可以发现无论是化学处理，物理处理还是生物处理，都是科学技术手段与实践的有效结合。*终目标是确保水资源的安全和保障。确保人类正常生活的稳定发展，社会的健康可持续发展。根据实际环境和需求，应合理选择适当的处理方法，以尽可能减少污水和废水对生态环境的影响。

　　以上内容来源于网络，仅供各位访客参考学习!

　　上海瑞柘环保生产销售各种生活污水与工业污水处理曝气设备!需要购买相关的曝气设备，请致电：400-155-8689!

　　What are the treatment methods of domestic and industrial wastewater?

　　The main pollutants to be treated in domestic and industrial wastewater are COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, SS, etc. At present, the commonly used treatment methods are physical method, chemical method, biological treatment method, process AO, A2O, oxidation ditch, electrolysis, etc.

　　Whether domestic sewage treatment or industrial waste water treatment processes need reasonable, scientific, economical and effective process systems to solve sewage problems.

　　The commonly used sewage treatment processes are divided into three categories: physical treatment, chemical treatment and biological treatment.

　　Physical treatment: a method of separating and removing undissolved and suspended pollutants (including oil film and oil beads) from wastewater by physical action.

　　Chemical treatment: A waste water treatment method which changes the chemical or physical properties of pollutants in wastewater by chemical reaction to change them from dissolved, colloidal or suspended state to sedimentation or floating state or from solid state to gaseous state and then to remove them from water.

　　Biological treatment: A waste water treatment method that utilizes microorganisms in the natural environment to oxidize and decompose organic substances and certain inorganic poisons (e.g. cyanide, sulfide) in wastewater and convert them into stable and harmless inorganic substances.

　　Simply speaking, the biggest difference between industrial sewage and domestic sewage is that the former is more toxic and more harmful than the latter. The content of main pollutants in sewage is different. But in terms of treatment process, there are many similarities between industrial sewage and rural sewage. It mainly consists of physical process, biochemical process and chemical process.

　　Some impurities or residues in industrial waste water and domestic waste water are separated from the water body to achieve the sewage treatment effect, in which no other material changes have taken place. Generally, physical treatment processes can be divided into precipitation separation method, membrane separation method and extraction method. Sedimentation separation is the separation of impurities from industrial and domestic wastewater by means of gravity settling due to the different characteristics of impurities and density of water body. Membrane separation mainly refers to the separation of impurities in water by using special semi-permeable membranes. Specifically, membrane separation can be divided into ultrafiltration, microfiltration, nanofiltration, dialysis, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, liquid membrane and other methods. Extraction is the process of utilizing certain extractants with different solubilities to incorporate some pollutants in the water into the solvent and finally achieve the separation of impurities from the water.

　　Biological treatment process is also a common general method for industrial and domestic wastewater. It can be divided into four main processes: two-stage activated sludge treatment, intermittent activated sludge treatment, anoxic and anaerobic treatment, and anoxic and aerobic treatment. Two-stage activated sludge treatment method, i.e. treating sewage treatment pipeline or sewage treatment plant as a sewage treatment system, divides it into two treatment sections A and B, in which section A is the high-load section and section B is the low-load section. In these two treatment sections, different reflux modes are used to change the water environment. During the process, the tools involved are self-priming jet aerator, Side flow inclined plate and suspended bio-filler without support. Intermittent activated sludge process achieves sewage treatment effect through water inflow, reaction, sediment and discharge in the sequence of repeated cycles. Anaerobic and anaerobic treatment methods are mainly used in some large activated sludge wastewater treatment plants, which can achieve the effect of nitrogen or phosphorus removal in wastewater, and the operation cost and treatment cost are relatively low. However, this treatment method also has some disadvantages, namely, it is difficult to manage, and can not achieve simultaneous dephosphorization and nitrogen removal, thus prolonging the wastewater treatment time. The anoxic-aerobic principle is a deep two-stage treatment technology, which consists of dephosphorization and denitrification.

　　Chemical treatment process is the most common one for industrial and domestic wastewater treatment, including the following three treatment methods: chemical precipitation, wet oxidation and ozone oxidation. Chemical precipitation is different from physical precipitation. Chemical precipitation involves putting a certain amount of chemical agents into the water body so that some compounds which are not soluble in water can be separated from the water body. At the same time, some heavy metal ions, such as mercury, lead and zinc, can be separated. The common chemical precipitation methods are sulfide precipitation, barium salt precipitation and ferrite precipitation. The second is wet oxidation, which is mainly carried out in closed vessels, using temperature and pressure, so that some impurities in the water body can be oxidized and reduced. In this sewage treatment method, it is better to add some catalysts, which can improve the reaction rate and shorten the reaction time, thus achieving better sewage treatment effect. Finally, ozone oxidation method is used. Ozone is a strong oxidant and has strong sterilization ability. Ozone can be used for sewage treatment to carbonize pollutants in water and reduce organic substances in water.

　　Industrial wastewater and domestic sewage are seriously damaging to water environment. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the treatment of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage as a permanent concept and policy and to accelerate the research on industrial wastewater and domestic sewage treatment process so as to realize the sequential utilization of production and domestic sewage and thus create social benefits.

　　1. Chemical treatment of wastewater and wastewater

　　Industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater are the inevitable products of social development, and the treatment effects obtained by different treatment methods will be different. In real life, it is very common to use chemical treatment to treat wastewater and sewage. The chemical treatment method is to treat pollutants in sewage and wastewater by chemical reaction so as to separate various pollutants and restore the water quality to nature. For example, adding chemicals to sewage by chemical condensation can effectively decompose suspended particles with particle size of 1-10 in water and effectively reduce pH value of wastewater. Chemical treatment methods can be subdivided into different processes. Currently more mature applications include ozone treatment, precipitation and electrolysis. Chemical treatment is a very effective and convenient method. At present, the research time of this treatment method in China is relatively long and the achievements are more obvious. In common processing equipment, fast operation and automatic detection save time and effort and can effectively improve the processing effect. In addition, chemical treatment can also remove highly toxic residues in water. Of course, this is mainly used for industrial wastewater. Compared with domestic sewage, industrial wastewater contains mercury and other heavy metals. Untreated emissions into the natural environment can have very serious consequences. At present, it is mainly treated by neutralization and precipitation.

　　2. Physical treatment of wastewater and wastewater

　　The principle of physical treatment is a variety of mechanical separation methods, including filtration, flotation and centrifugal separation. These physical therapies are now relatively common. Physical treatment is used to treat sewage and wastewater. The chemical characteristics of the substances contained in the waste water do not change during the treatment process, so there are significant differences in the results of the sewage treatment obtained under the chemical treatment method. There are many processing machines and equipment used for physical treatment. Centrifuges, aerators and air floaters are widely used. The common components in domestic sewage are sludge, domestic garbage, etc. If domestic sewage is to be treated, water must be separated from solid matter. For example, domestic sewage is treated with centrifuges, which use centrifugal motion. In order to effectively separate solid particles and liquids from sewage, as well as two immiscible solutions with different densities in emulsions, centrifuges can also effectively separate the two liquids. Sludge dewaterer can also effectively separate sludge and water. Physical treatment of sewage can effectively separate and extract different components from sewage.

　　Third method of sewage treatment

　　Biological treatment is literally understood as the use of microbial metabolism to transform harmless organic pollutants in sewage and wastewater. The advantage of this treatment method is that it has better treatment effect than chemical and physical treatment. At present, this method has been used for a short time and needs further study. However, it will become the main treatment method of sewage and wastewater in the future. Method. This biological treatment method utilizes microorganisms to degrade wastewater and sewage, which fully conforms to current ecological and environmental protection concepts. There are many different ways to treat wastewater and sewage using this method. The more common methods are AB method, SBR method, natural biological treatment method and biofilm method. AB process is also called two-stage activated sludge treatment process. This method treats the sewage treatment plant as a sewage treatment system. The advantages of this method are strong impact resistance, strong loadability, no need to establish initial settling tank, up to 80% COD removal rate and 90% BOD5 removal rate.

　　3. The SBR process is also known as the intermittent activated sludge process

　　The method is to complete the water intake, reaction, precipitation and discharge in the same tank in idle order and to repeat the cycle at the same time. The advantage of this method is that it has been operated, can be adjusted, has a high level of automation and does not require sludge recovery equipment. Biofilm method utilizes a large number of microorganisms existing in biofilm to reproduce continuously, absorb and reduce pollutant content in sewage watershed. In addition, if the biofilm itself deteriorates, it will follow the flow of sewage and eventually reach the sedimentation tank. Natural biological treatment method in biological treatment method is a kind of microorganism growing in natural environment, which absorbs harmful substances in wastewater and sewage, thus achieving the purpose of water purification. For example, if you place many microorganisms in a pond, you can ecologically treat the sewage in the pond. Biological treatment of sewage and wastewater is currently under continuous research at home and abroad. With the continuous improvement of science and technology, the application prospect of this method will be unavoidable.

　　4. CONCLUSION

　　Generally, sewage treatment requires scientific concepts and advanced equipment. Through the study of all current wastewater and sewage treatment methods, it can be found that whether chemical treatment, physical treatment or biological treatment are effective combination of scientific and technological means and practice. The ultimate goal is to ensure the safety and security of water resources. To ensure the stable development of human normal life and the healthy and sustainable development of society. According to actual environment and demand, appropriate treatment methods should be selected reasonably to minimize the impact of sewage and wastewater on ecological environment.

　　The above content comes from the network and is for your reference only!

　　Shanghai Ruizhi Environmental Protection Production and Sale of a variety of domestic and industrial sewage treatment aeration equipment! Need to purchase the relevant aeration equipment, please call: 400-155-8689!